مسرد بيئي O

المعجم البيئي مشروع قيد العمل يحتاج ترجمة وإضافات

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• O&M Operation and maintenance.
• O/W Oil-in-water emulsion.
• O2 Minimizer® Process controller used to control oxygenation of mixed liquor by Schreiber Corp.
• OASES® Oxygen-activated sludge wastewater process by USFilter/Krüger.
• oasis A fertile or green vegetated area in a desert or wasteland that is supplied with water.
• OB/OD Open pit burning/open detonation.
• obligate aerobes Bacteria that can survive only in the presence of dissolved oxygen.
• obligate anaerobes Bacteria that can survive only in the absence of dissolved oxygen.
• obligate pathogen A pathogen that is unable to live outside a living host.
• OBS® Turbidity sensors by D&A Instrument Co.
• OCA 19™ Odor neutralizer by Hinsilblon Laboratories.
• OCC Old corrugated containers.
• occlusion An absorption process where one solid material adheres to another, sometimes resulting in coprecipitation.
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) A U.S. agency responsible for overseeing workplace health and safety.
• ocean The volume of salt water that covers approximately 71% of the earth’s surface and is divided into .ve principal geographic regions: the Antarctic, Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, and Paci.c.
• ocean disposal The discharge or disposal of wastes or sludges in ocean water.
• ocean dumping Disposal of wastes in the ocean or seas.
• Ocean Dumping Act (ODA) Authorizes regulation of intentional ocean disposal of materials, as well as related research and the establishment of marine sanctuaries.
• Ocean Dumping Ban Act A U.S. law making it unlawful to discharge sewage sludge into the Ocean after 1991.
• ocean incineration The burning of wastes on ocean-going vessels in waters remote from land.
• ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) Electrical generation process which relies on the temperature differential between the upper and lower layers of the ocean to vaporize a .uid and power a turbine generator.

• OCPSF Organic chemicals, plastics, and synthetic .bers.
• OD Outside diameter.
• ODA See “Ocean Dumping Act (ODA).”
• Odin Packaged water treatment plant by USFilter/Davis Process.
• Odophos® Hydrogen sul.de and phosphorus removal product by USFilter/Davis Process.
• Odor Buster® Aeration system used to reduce odors at pump stations and plant headworks by United Industries, Inc.
• odor threshold See “threshold odor number (TON).”
• odor unit See “threshold odor number (TON).”
• OdorGard™ Enhanced packed tower scrubbing process by Monsanto Enviro-Chem Systems, Inc.
• OdorLok™ Hydrogen sul.de corrosion and odor control system by Eaglebrook, Inc.
• OdorMaster™ Electrolytic gas scrubber type odor control system by Pepcon Sys­tems, Inc.
• Odor-Miser Vapor phase, activated carbon odor absorbers by Westport Environ­mental Systems.
• Odor-Ox Multistage dry chemical air scrubber by Pura.l, Inc.
• ODP See “open drip proof (ODP).”
• ODS Ozone depleting substances.
• OEM Original equipment manufacturer.
• offal Trimmings and viscera of butchered animals.
• off-gas The gaseous emissions from a process or equipment.
• offset The requirement for a proposed air pollutant generator to reduce emissions or obtain emission reductions from other facilities to compensate for new emissions.
• off-site facility A hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facility located away from the generating site.
• off spec water (OSP) Product water that does not meet purity speci.cations.
• OFR See “over.ow rate (OFR).”
• OGWDW The U.S. Of.ce of Groundwater and Drinking Water.
• OHL Overhung load.
• ohm Unit of electrical resistance where a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampere.
• Ohmicron Immunoassay product line by Strategic Diagnostics, Inc.
• oil (1) Any of various greasy, combustible substances obtained from animal, veg­etable, and mineral sources. (2) Any of various liquids extracted from petro­leum. (3) A naturally occurring hydrocarbon in liquid form.
• oil .ngerprinting A method of identifying sources of oil, allowing spills to be traced to their source.
• Oil Grabber® Oil skimming system by Abanaki Corp.
• Oil Pollution Act (OPA) A 1990 U.S. federal law that places liability on tank owners or operators for removal costs and damages if oil or other hazardous materials are spilled or discharged.
• oil skimmer A device used to remove oil from a water’s surface.

• oil spill An unintentional discharge of oil into the environment, especially into a waterbody.
• OilMaster Oil/water separator by National Fluid Separators, Inc.
• Oil-Minder Submersible pump unit by Stancor Pump, Inc.
• oils and grease Common term used to include fats, oils, waxes, and related con­stituents found in wastewater.
• Oilspin II Hydrocyclone by Axsia Serck Baker, Inc.
• oily wastewater An oil-in-water emulsion in which oil is dispersed in the water phase.
• OKI™ Submerged aerator mixer by WesTech Engineering Inc. and Nopon Oy.
• old growth forest A forest with a large percentage of old trees which have never been cut or have not been cut for many years.
• Oleo.lter™ Filter for removal of hydrocarbons from water by Aprotek, Inc.
• oleophilic A characteristic describing a strong af.nity for oils.
• olfactometer Device used to measure odors.
• oligohaline A term describing water with a salinity of 0.5 to 5%.
• oligotroph Bacteria that grow in a medium containing <1.0 mg/L organic carbon.
• oligotrophic lake A deep lake de.cient in organic materials whose waters contain a high degree of dissolved oxygen and low BOD.
• OM&M Operation, maintenance, and management.
• Omega Horizontal rotor aerator by Purestream, Inc.
• Omega® Lime slaker and feeder package by PennProcess Technologies, Inc.
• Omnichlor Sodium hypochlorite generator for marine applications by Exceltec International Corp.
• Omni.o® Sequencing batch reactor wastewater treatment system by USFilter/Jet Tech.
• Omnipac® Sequencing batch reactor wastewater treatment package plant by USFil-ter/Jet Tech.
• Omnipure Marine sewage treatment plant product line by Exceltec International Corp.
• oncogenic A chemical or agent with tumor-causing properties.
• one-hundred-year .ood plain Land adjoining inland and coastal waters which, on the average, is likely to .ood once every 100 years.
• Onguard® Instrumentation and control products by Ashland Chemical, Drew Industrial.
• oocyst An outer shell that protects an organism in the environment. Pronounced “oh-oh-cist.”
• OPA See “Oil Pollution Act (OPA).”
• opacity The degree to which emissions reduce the transmission of a beam of light, expressed as a percent of the light which fails to penetrate a plume of smoke.
• open burning The combustion of solid waste without containment of combustion reaction in an enclosed device, control of the emission of the combustion prod­ucts, or controlling combustion air to maintain temperature for ef.cient burning.
• open channel A natural or arti.cial channel in which .uid .ows with a free surface open to the atmosphere.

• open cycle cooling system A cooling water system where cooling water is dis­charged to a receiving body of water without being recycled.
• open drip proof (ODP) Designation for electrical motor enclosure in which the ventilating openings are so constructed that successful operation is not inter­fered with when drops of liquid or solid particles strike or enter the enclosure at any angle from 0° to 15° downward from vertical.
• open dump A land disposal site where solids are disposed of in a manner that does not protect the environment and is susceptible to open burning and exposure to the elements, insects, and scavengers.
• OPIM See “other potentially infectious material (OPIM).” opportunistic pathogen A microbe that can cause disease in ill, very young, or elderly persons, but usually not in healthy individuals. OptiClean™ Powdered reverse osmosis membrane cleaners by Professional Water
• Technologies, Inc. Opti-Core PVC biological .lter media formerly offered by B.F. Goodrich Co. Optimem™ Reverse osmosis product formerly offered by USFilter. Optimer® Cationic polymer for sedimentation and sludge conditioning by Nalco
• Chemical Co. Optimum Direct .ltration water treatment plant by BCA Industrial Controls. oral toxicity Ability of a pesticide to cause adverse effects when ingested by
• mouth. Orbal™ Oxidation ditch wastewater treatment system by USFilter/Envirex. ORC® Oxygen release compound to enhance natural attenuation by Regenesis. ORE Orbital rod evaporation. Orec™ Ozone-generating systems by Osmonics, Inc. Organagro® Agricultural compost by Bedminster Bioconversion Corp. organic Relating to, or derived from, a living thing. A description of a substance
• that contains carbon atoms linked together by carbon-carbon bonds. organic loading The amount of organic matter applied to a treatment process. organic matter Substances containing carbon compounds, usually of animal or
• vegetable origin. organic nitrogen Nitrogen bound to carbon-containing compounds. organic phosphorus Phosphorus that is bound to carbon-containing compounds. organoclay Chemically modi.ed bentonite clay used as an ion exchange media
• or absorbent. OrganoGuard™ Organic fouling control additive for reverse osmosis systems by Professional Water Technologies, Inc. organophosphates Commonly used phosphorous-based organic pesticides which are relatively nonpersistent in the environment. organotins Chemical compounds used in anti-foulant paints to protect the hulls of boats and ships, buoys, and pilings from marine organisms such as barnacles. Ori-Cast Cast elastomer material used in nonmetallic rectangular clari.er products by Oritex Corp. ori.ce plate (1) Flow measurement device that indicates .ow as a function of differential pressure across a .ow-restricting ori.ce. (2) Flow-limiting device.

• Ori-Plastic Plastic material used in nonmetallic rectangular clari.er products by Oritex Corp.
• ORM See “other regulated material (ORM).”
• ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
• ORP See “oxidation-reduction potential (ORP).”
• OSEC® Electrolytic chlorination system by USFilter/Wallace & Tiernan.
• OSHA See “Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).”
• Osmo® Water puri.cation systems by Osmonics, Inc.
• osmoconformers Organisms that rely on osmotic pressures to maintain internal ionic balance.
• osmosis Movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a permeable membrane separating the two solutions.
• Osmostill Distillation unit by Osmonics, Inc.
• osmotic pressure Excess pressure that must be applied to a concentrated solution to produce equilibrium and prevent the movement of a more dilute solution through a semipermeable membrane into the more concentrated solution.
• Osmotik® Reverse osmosis membrane elements by Osmosis Technology, Inc.
• OSP See “Off spec water (OSP).”
• OST Of.ce of Science and Technology. A U.S. EPA of.ce.
• OSW Of.ce of Saline Water.
• OTA® Aerator Rotor aerator by Scoti-Zahner, Inc.
• OTC Odor threshold concentration. See “threshold odor number (TON).”
• OTE Orbital tube evaporation.
• OTEC See “ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC).”
• other potentially infectious material (OPIM) Body .uids or un.xed tissues and organs visibly contaminated with blood, other body .uids, HIV, or HBV.
• other regulated material (ORM) The U.S. Department of Transportation’s haz­ard classi.cation of a particular hazardous material to label it for transport.
• OUR Oxygen uptake rate.
• outfall The location where a storm or sanitary sewer or ef.uent is discharged into a receiving water body.
• outhouse See “privy.”
• outsourcing The use of an outside vendor to provide operating, maintenance, or other services for a facility.
• ova Plural of “ovum.”
• overburden The soil and rock overlying a mineral deposit that must be removed prior to the start of strip mining.
• overdraft The pumping of water from a groundwater basin or aquifer in excess of the supply .owing into the basin.
• over.ow rate (OFR) An expression used to indicate the upward water velocity in a sedimentation tank expressed as .ow per day per unit of basin surface area. Also called “surface loading rate.”
• over.ow weir A weir over which excess water or wastewater is allowed to .ow.
• overland .ow A land application technique that cleanses wastewater by allowing it to .ow over a sloped surface where contaminants are absorbed and the water is collected at the bottom of the slope for reuse.

• ovum A mature egg ready to undergo fertilization. The singular form is “ova.”
• Owamat® Oil/water separator by BEKO Condensate Systems Corp.
• oxbow lake A lake that forms in the abandoned channel or a cutoff meander on a river’s .oodplain.
• oxic A biological environment that contains molecular oxygen.
• Oxidair™ Thermal oxidizer for soil remediation and off-gas treatment by EPG Companies, Inc.
• oxidant A chemical substance, such as chlorine or ozone, capable of promoting oxidation.
• oxidation (1) A chemical reaction in which an element or ion loses electrons.
• (2) The biological or chemical conversion of organic matter into simpler, more stable forms.
• oxidation ditch An extended aeration waste treatment process that occurs in an oval-shaped channel or ditch (also called a “race track”) with aeration provided by a mechanical brush-aerator.
• oxidation pond An earthen wastewater basin in which biological oxidation of organic matter occurs naturally or with the assistance of mechanical oxygen transfer equipment.
• oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) The potential required to transfer electrons from an oxidant to a reductant which indicates the relative strength potential of an oxidation-reduction reaction.
• Oxidator Combination aeration, .occulation, and sedimentation unit by Baker Process.
• oxide A compound of an element with oxygen alone.
• oxidize To bring about oxidation.
• oxidizing agent Any substance that can contribute electrons to a reaction.
• Oxifree® Ultraviolet disinfection system by Capital Controls Co.
• Oxigest® Cylindrical package extended aeration waste treatment plant by Smith & Loveless, Inc.
• Oxigritter Primary sewage treatment unit by Baker Process.
• Oxitech® Resin conditioning process for TOC reduction by USFilter/Rockford.
• OxiTop System to measure BOD by WTW Measurement Systems, Inc.
• Oxitrace™ Oxidant analyzer and monitor by Capital Controls Co.
• Oxitron™ Fixed .lm wastewater treatment plant by USFilter/Krüger.
• Oxy Flo Mechanical aerator by Aqua-Aerobic Systems, Inc.
• Oxy stream™ Oxidation ditch wastewater treatment system by WesTech Engi­neering Inc.
• Oxycap Device to improve energy ef.ciency and reduce noise and aerosol emis­sions from surface aerators by DHV Water BV.
• Oxycat Air pollution abatement catalyst by Met-Pro Corp.
• OxyCharger Static aerator by Parkson Corp.
• Oxychlor Chlorine dioxide generator by International Dioxide, Inc.
• Oxyditch Oxidation ditch treatment system formerly offered by Chemineer, Inc.
• Oxy-Gard Aeration control system that monitors dissolved oxygen level to control
• blower operation by Gardner Denver Blower Division.

• oxygen A chemical element that comprises approximately 20% of the earth’s atmosphere and is essential for biological oxidation.
• oxygen de.ciency The additional amount of oxygen required to satisfy the oxygen requirement of wastewater.
• oxygen sag The temporary decrease in the dissolved oxygen level in a stream or river which occurs downstream from a point source of pollution.
• oxygen scavenger A chemical used to supplement mechanical deaeration.
• oxygen transfer The exchange of oxygen between a gaseous and a liquid phase.
• oxygen transfer rate The mass of oxygen transferred per unit time.
• oxygen uptake The amount of oxygen used during biochemical oxidation.
• oxygenases Enzymes that catalyze the insertion of one or both atoms of an oxygen
• molecule into an organic compound, resulting in a chemical transformation.
• Oxygun™ Sub-surface self-aspirating aerator by ABS Pumps, Inc.
• Oxyrapid Air diffusion and recycling system for activated sludge system by In.lco Degremont, Inc.
• Oxytrace® Dissolved oxygen measurement instrument by Industrial Analytics, Corp.
• Oxytrace™ Chlorine residual analyzer by Capital Controls Co.
• Oxytrap™ Wastewater aerator by DAS International, Inc.
• OZ Ozone generation equipment by Ozone Pure Water, Inc.
• Ozat® Compact ozone generator by Ozonia North America.
• Ozo.oat® Ozone .otation process for water/wastewater treatment by USFil­ter/Krüger (North America) and OTV.
• ozonation The process of using ozone in water or wastewater treatment for oxi­dation, disinfection, or odor control.
• ozonator An ozone generator.
• ozone An unstable, gaseous oxidizing agent with disinfection properties similar to chlorine, also used in odor control and sludge processing. Chemical formula is O3.
• ozone byproducts Compounds such as aldehydes and aldoacids formed when ozone is used to disinfect water.
• ozone contactor A device used to promote the ef.cient transfer of ozone to water or wastewater.
• ozone destruct unit An ozone destruction system used to guarantee removal of any unused ozone before the reactor off-gas is discharged to the atmosphere.
• ozone generator Device used to produce ozone by passing air/oxygen through an electric .eld.
• ozone layer The portion of the stratosphere, extending from an altitude of approx­imately 20 to 50 km, in which naturally occurring ozone protects life on earth by .ltering out harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
• Ozone Research & Equipment Corp. Equipment manufacturer acquired by Osmonics, Inc.
• Ozonmat® Ozone analyzer by Zellweger Analytics, Inc.

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