مسرد بيئي T

المعجم البيئي مشروع قيد العمل يحتاج ترجمة وإضافات

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

• T&O Taste and odor.
• T-2000® Dry sorbent for use in baghouses by Solvay America.
• tailings Residue from the separation of useful values from ore.
• tailpipe standards Emissions limitations applicable to engine exhausts from mobile sources.
• tailwater The runoff of irrigation water from the lower end of an irrigated .eld.
• Tait-Andritz Former name of Andritz-Ruthner, Inc.
• TAK® Ultraviolet systems by PCI-Wedeco Environmental Technologies, Inc.
• TAMS Toxic air monitoring system.
• tangential screen See “static screen.”
• tank blanketing See “gas blanket.”
• Tankleenor Petroleum tank cleaner by Gorman-Rupp Co.
• tannin Colored compounds that form when plant matter degrades in water.
• tapered aeration Variation of the activated sludge process where the amount of air supplied in an aeration basin is tapered to match the demand exerted by the microbes.
• tapered .occulation A .occulation process utilizing multiple compartments and a gradually increasing velocity gradient.

• tapeworm A parasitic .atworm that can live in the digestive tract or liver of vertebrates.
• TAPPI Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry.
• tardigrade Minute water animals with segmented bodies and four pairs of unseg­mented legs.
• tare The empty weight of a vessel or container determined by deducting the weight of the contents from the total weight of the full load.
• Targa Vapor compression water desalination unit by Mechanical Equipment Co., Inc.
• Taskmaster® Screenings grinder by Franklin Miller, Inc.
• taste and odors Two important characteristics of drinking water which are the targets of minimization or elimination in a water treatment plant.
• Taulman/Weiss In-vessel composting system by USFilter/Davis Process.
• taxis The involuntary movement of a free-moving cell or organism toward or away from an external stimulus such as light.
• TBF See “traveling bridge .lter (TBF).”
• TBT See “top brine temperature.”
• TC See “total carbon (TC).”
• TCA Trichloroethane.
• TCD Thermo-compression distillation.
• TCDD Tetrachlorodibenzoparadioxin. A dioxin byproduct.
• TCDF Tetrachlorodibenzofuran.
• TCE See “trichloroethylene (TCE).”
• TCF Totally chlorine free.
• TCF® Horizontal tube cartridge .lter by Ropur AG.
• TCLP See “toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP).”
• TCR See “Total Coliform Rule (TCR).”
• TCRI Toxic Chemical Release Inventory.
• TD Toxic dose.
• TDH See “total dynamic head (TDH).”
• T-Disc™ Disc-type oil skimmer by Vikoma International Ltd.
• TDS See “total dissolved solids (TDS).”
• Teacup™ Grit removal system by Eutek Systems, Inc.
• TEC Tonka Equipment Co.
• Technasand™ Continuous backwashing sand .lter by WesTech Engineering Inc.
• technology-based limitations Industry-speci.c ef.uent limitations applied to a discharge when it will not cause a violation of water quality standards at low stream .ows.
• TechXtract™ Chemical decontamination process by EET, Inc.
• TecTank Bolted steel storage tank by A.O. Smith Engineered Storage Products.
• tectonic Relating to changes in the structure and forces produced in the earth’s crust.
• Tecweigh® Volumetric feeder by Tecnetics Industries, Inc.
• TEFC See “totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC).”
• TEG Tetraethylene glycol.

• Tekkem Lime slaker by RDP Technologies, Inc.
• Tekleen™ Filter screen by Automatic Filters, Inc.
• TEL See “tetraethyl lead (TEL).”
• telemetry The process of transmitting measured data by radio to a distant station.
• TeleTote™ Open channel electromagnetic .ow meter by Marsh-McBirney, Inc.
• TEM See “transmission electron microscope (TEM).”
• TEMA Tubular Equipment Manufacturers Association.
• temperate zone The middle latitude regions of the earth, located between latitude 23°26. and 66°33. north or south, which have moderate climates and distinct summer and winter seasons.
• temperature inversion See “inversion.”
• temporary hardness Hardness associated with bicarbonates of calcium and mag­nesium which precipitate upon boiling.
• temporary threshold shift (TTS) A temporary reduction in hearing ability result­ing from noise overexposure.
• Ten States Standards Common name for “Recommended Standards for Waste­water Facilities,” a report of the Wastewater Committee of the Great Lakes-Upper Mississippi River Board of State Public Health and Environmental Engineers.
• Tenkay® Cartridge air .lter by Farr Co.
• tensile strength The maximum tensile load per square unit of cross section that a material is able to withstand.
• Tenten Continuously backwashed gravity sand .lter by F.B. Leopold Company, Inc. (U.S.) and Simon-Hartley, Ltd. (U.K.).
• TEOM® Ambient air particulate sampler by Rupprecht & Patashnick Co., Inc.
• teratogenic A chemical or agent with properties which cause dis.guring by affect­ing the genetic characteristics of an organism.
• terminal headloss The headloss at the end of a .lter run cycle signifying that the .lter bed is .lled with solids.
• terminal settling velocity The maximum sedimentation rate of an unhindered suspended particle.
• terracing Dikes built along the contour of sloping farm land which hold runoff and sediment to reduce erosion.
• Terra-Gator® Pressurized waste sludge injection system by Ag-Chem Equipment Co.
• TerraStor™ Temporary containment system by ModuTank, Inc.
• tertiary ef.uent The ef.uent discharged from a tertiary treatment process.
• tertiary .ltration The use of a granular media .lter to improve secondary waste­water ef.uent quality.
• tertiary treatment The use of physical, chemical, or biological means to improve secondary wastewater ef.uent quality.
• TES Filter Package, dual media gravity .lter by USFilter/Davco.
• tetrachloroethylene (PCE) See “perchloroethylene (PCE, also PERC).”
• tetraethyl lead (TEL) An antiknock additive used in gasoline. The U.S. phased out its use in 1989 due to concerns over lead emissions.

• Tetratex® Microporous PTFE membrane for .ltration by Tetratec.
• tetratogenesis The introduction of nonhereditary birth defects in a developing fetus by exogenous factors such as physical or chemical agents acting in the womb to interfere with normal embryonic development.
• Texas Star Circular membrane diffuser by Aeration Research Co.
• TF/AS See “trickling .lter-activated sludge (TF/AS).”
• TF/SC Trickling .lter-solids contact.
• TFC® Reverse osmosis membrane by Koch Membrane Systems, Inc.
• TFCL® Thin .lm composite reverse osmosis membrane by Koch Membrane Sys­tems, Inc.
• TFCS™ Reverse osmosis elements by Koch Membrane Systems, Inc.
• TFM® Reverse osmosis membrane by Osmonics Desal.
• TGNMO Total gaseous nonmethane organics.
• thalweg The line of maximum depth in a river or stream.
• THC Total hydrocarbons.
• theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) Determination of organic matter in a water or wastewater calculated on the basis of the chemical formula of the constituents.
• therapeutic index The ratio of the dose required to produce toxic or lethal effects to dose required to produce nonadverse or therapeutic response.
• ThermaGrid™ Regenerative thermal oxidizer by McGill Airclean Corp.
• thermal oxidizer An emissions control device that utilizes heat to accomplish VOC oxidation.
• thermal pollution The discharge of heated ef.uent into the environment resulting in an undesired increase in ambient temperature, above that resulting from natural solar radiation.
• thermal treatment Processes such as incineration or pyrolysis which use elevated temperatures to treat hazardous waste.
• thermal value See “heat value.”
• ThermoBlender™ Sludge and quicklime blending unit by RDP Technologies, Inc.
• thermocline The middle layer in a strati.ed lake that results from varying water densities.
• thermocompressor A steam ejector that uses high pressure steam to increase the pressure of a lower pressure steam.
• ThermoFeeder™ Chemical feed unit by RDP Technologies, Inc.
• ThermoFlo Spray coolers by Aqua-Aerobic Systems, Inc.
• thermophiles Bacteria that grow best at temperatures between 45° and 60°C.
• thermophilic digestion Sludge digestion within a thermophilic range of approx­imately 45° to 60°C.
• Thermo-Sludge Dewatering™ Float-type sludge thickening process by Dontech, Inc.
• Thermox® Flue gas analyzer by Ametek Inc., Process & Analytical Division.
• thickener A tank, vessel, or apparatus used to reduce the proportion of water in a slurry or sludge.
• thickening A procedure used to increase the solids content of sludge by removing a portion of the liquid.
• ThickTech™ Rotary drum thickener by Waterlink Separations, Inc.

• thin .lm evaporator Evaporator where liquid .ows or is sprayed over heat trans­fer surfaces, usually tubes, in a thin, turbulent .lm.
• Thioguard® Odor and corrosion control product by Premier Chemicals.
• thiols See “mercaptans.”
• Thio-Red Dissolved metal precipitant by Etus, Inc.
• thixotrope A colloid whose properties are affected by mechanical treatment.
• thixotropy The time-dependent property of some emulsions and sludges to change rheological and physical characteristics when left at rest.
• THM See “trihalomethane (THM).”
• THMFP See “trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP).”
• ThOD See “theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD).”
• Thomas Conveyor Former name of USFilter/Thomas Conveyor
• 3DP™ Three-belt dewatering .lter by Baker Process.
• threshold dose The minimum dose of a substance to produce an effect.
• threshold level Time-weighted average pollutant concentration values, exposure beyond which is likely to adversely affect human health.
• threshold limit value (TLV) The maximal allowable workplace air level for a chemical.
• threshold odor number (TON) The number of dilutions of odor-free water required to eliminate the odor in a water sample.
• Thru Clean Back cleaned mechanical bar screen by USFilter/Headworks Products.
• TIC See “total inorganic carbon (TIC).”
• tidal marsh Low, .at marshlands traversed by channels and tidal hollows and subject to tidal inundation. Normally the only vegetation present is salt tolerant bushes and grasses.
• tide The periodic rising and falling of the sea that results from the gravitational attraction of the moon.
• tide gate A swinging gate in a sewer pipe that prevents seawater from entering the system during high tides.
• Tide.ex™ Air diffuser and .exible check valve by Red Valve Co., Inc.
• TIE Toxicity identi.cation evaluation.
• Tile Ceramic tile .lter underdrain by Roberts Filter Group.
• tile .eld A system used for subsurface discharge of treated wastewater ef.uent using open-jointed tile placed on gravel .ll.
• tilted plate separator Oil separation device utilizing inclined plates to separate free nonemulsi.ed oil and water based on their density difference.
• time-lag The time interval between the beginning of an event and the response that occurs as a result of the event.
• time-weighted average (TWA) In air sampling, the average air concentration of contaminants during a given period.
• TIN Total inorganic nitrogen.
• tinajero A home water .ltration device where water is collected in a clay pot after .ltration through a porous stone.
• tines The teeth or prongs of a bar screen cleaning rake.
• tipping The dumping of the contents of a waste truck at a waste disposal facility.
• tipping fee The fee charged to dispose of solid waste at a sanitary land.ll.

• Tipping Scum Weir Pivoting scum weir by F.B. Leopold Co., Inc.
• TISE Take it somewhere else. See also “NIMBY.”
• Titan ASD 200™ Reverse osmosis antiscalant/dispersant by Professional Water Technologies, Inc.
• Titan-90™ Multi-media automatic backwashing system by Ser.lco, Ltd.
• titer The concentration of a substance in solution as determined by titration.
• Titeseal® Copolymer .uid control gate by Plasti-Fab, Inc.
• titration A method of determining the concentration of a dissolved substance in terms of the smallest amount of a reagent required to bring about a given effect in reaction with a known volume of test solution.
• Titraver Chemicals used in analysis of water hardness by Hach Co.
• TKN See “total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN).”
• TLC™ Thin layer composite reverse osmosis membrane by Osmonics, Inc.
• TLV See “threshold limit value (TLV).”
• TLV-C TLV-Ceiling.
• TLV-STEL TLV-Short term exposure limit.
• TLV-TWA TLV-time weighted average.
• TMDL Total maximum daily load. An estimate of the capacity of a speci.c waterbody to assimilate pollution and still achieve designated uses.
• TMP See “transmembrane pressure (TMP).”
• TMRC Theoretical maximum residue contribution.
• TMU Multiple-tank unit cars used to carry chlorine ton cylinders.
• TMX® Thermatrix, Inc.
• TNCWS See “transient, noncommunity water system (TNCWS).”
• TNT Trinitrotoluene.
• TOA Trace organic analysis.
• TOC See “total organic carbon (TOC).”
• TOD See “total oxygen demand (TOD).”
• toilet A small room with a bowl-shaped .xture for urination and defecation. Also can refer speci.cally to the .xture.
• Tolhurst Laboratory basket centrifuge by Baker Process/Ketema.
• ton A unit of weight equal to 2000 pounds or 907.2 kilograms. Also called “short ton.”
• TON See “threshold odor number (TON).”
• ton container A 1-ton chlorine storage container.
• TonkaFlo Pumps for RO/UF/DI applications by Osmonics, Inc.
• tonnage The amount of waste that a land.ll accepts, usually expressed in tons per month.
• tonne See “metric ton.”
• Tonozone Ozone generator by Praxair-Trailigaz Ozone Co.
• top brine temperature The maximum temperature of the .uid being evaporated in an evaporator system.
• topography The physical features of a surface area including relative elevations and the position of natural and manmade features.
• topping cycle Cogeneration system where electricity is produced by the combus­tion process, and then byproduct heat is scavenged for thermal processes.

• Tornado® Aspirating type surface aerator by Aeromix Systems, Inc.
• Torpedo™ Clari.er foam and grease removal unit by United Industries, Inc.
• Torpedo Filter Floating micro.lter by BTG, Inc.
• Torpedo Pump Reverse osmosis pump by Pumps Unlimited.
• Torque-Flow Grit handling vortex slurry pump by Envirotech Pumpsystems.
• TorusDisc Sludge dryer/cooler by Hosokawa Bepex Corp.
• Torvex® Catalytic oxidation system by Süd-Chemie Prototech Inc.
• total carbon (TC) A quantitative measure of both total inorganic and total organic carbon in water and wastewater, determined instrumentally by chemical oxida­tion to carbon dioxide and subsequent infrared detection in a carbon analyzer.
• Total Coliform Rule (TCR) An EPA rule regulating known pathogens in drink­ing water.
• total dissolved solids (TDS) The weight per unit volume of all volatile and non­volatile solids dissolved in a water or wastewater after a sample has been .ltered to remove colloidal and suspended solids.
• total dynamic head (TDH) The total energy a pump must impart to water to move it from one point to another, measured as the difference in height between the free water surface level on the discharge and suction sides of a pump.
• total inorganic carbon (TIC) The sum of all inorganic carbon species in a water or wastewater.
• total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) The sum of the organic plus ammonia nitrogen in a water sample which is determined by digesting and distilling the sample and then measuring the ammonia concentration in the distillate.
• total organic carbon (TOC) Measurement of organic matter in a water or waste­water that can be oxidized in a high temperature furnace.
• total oxygen demand (TOD) Measurement of organic matter in a water or waste­water that can be converted to stable end products in a platinum-catalyzed combustion chamber.
• total solids (TS) The sum of dissolved and suspended solids in a water or waste­water. Matter remaining as residue upon evaporation at 103 to 105°C.
• total suspended particulates (TSP) The concentration of all airborne particulate matter usually expressed as micrograms of particulate per cubic meter of sampled air.
• total suspended solids (TSS) The measure of particulate matter suspended in a sample of water or wastewater. After .ltering a sample of a known volume, the .lter is dried and weighed to determine the residue retained.
• total toxic organics (TTO) The sum of the concentrations of all toxic organic compounds found in a sample.
• total trihalomethane (TTHM) The sum of the concentration of trihalomethane compounds rounded to two signi.cant .gures.
• totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC) Designation for motor enclosure that is not airtight but doesn’t allow free exchange of air between the inside and outside of the motor case. Exterior cooling is provided by an integral external fan.
• totally enclosed nonventilated (TENV) Designation for motor enclosure that is not airtight, but constructed so as to prevent free exchange of air between the inside and outside of the motor case.

• TotalSep Oil/water separator by Hydro-Flo Technologies, Inc.
• TotalTreat Package wastewater treatment system by USFilter/Industrial Wastewa­ter Systems.
• TotlSep Oil/water separator by Hydro Flo Technologies.
• Toveko® Continuously operating sand .lter by USFilter/Krüger.
• Tow-Bro® Suction-type sludge removal system for circular clari.ers by USFil­ter/Envirex.
• Tower Press Belt .lter press by Roediger Pittsburgh, Inc.
• Towerbrom® Bromine-based biocide by Calgon Corp.
• Towermaster Pressurized sand .lter for cooling tower applications by Axsia Serck Baker, Inc.
• TOX (1) Total organic halogen. (2) Tetradichloroxylene.
• ToxAlarm™ On-line toxicity monitor by Anatel Corp.
• TOXFP Total organic halogen formation potential.
• toxic Capable of causing an adverse effect on biological tissue following physical contact or absorption.
• toxic chemical Any chemical listed in the EPA rules as “Toxic Chemicals Subject to Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986.”
• toxic cloud Airborne plume of gases, vapors, fumes, or aerosols containing toxic materials.
• Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Database of toxic releases in the U.S. compiled from SARA Title III section 313 reports.
• toxic substance Any chemical or material that may present an unreasonable risk of injury to one’s health or the environment.
• Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) A 1976 U.S. law authorizing the EPA to collect information on chemical risks.
• toxic waste A waste that can produce injury upon contact with or by accumulation in or on the body of a living organism.
• toxicant A substance that is toxic to another organism.
• toxicity The property of being poisonous or causing an adverse effect on a living organism.
• toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) Method used to determine the amount of a hazardous substance which will leach from a solid when the solid is subjected to water.
• toxicology The study of adverse effects of chemical on living organisms.
• Toxilog Portable single gas detector by Biosystems, Inc.
• toxin A poisonous material that can cause damage to biological tissue following physical contact or absorption.
• TPAD Temperature-phased anaerobic digestion, which combines thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion.
• TPC® Potassium permanganate by Carus Chemical Co., Inc.
• TPH Total petroleum hydrocarbons.
• TPY Tons per year.
• TQM Total Quality Management.
• Trac Pump Sludge-dredging system by E.S.G. Manufacturing, LLC.

• trace elements (1) Any elements in a water or wastewater that are present in very low concentrations. (2) Elements present in minor amounts in the earth’s crust.
• trace organics Organic matter present in water supplies in very low concentrations which originates from natural sources and the synthetic chemical industry.
• Tractor Drive Circular clari.er drive unit by Walker Process Equipment.
• Trac-Vac® Suction sludge removal mechanism by Baker Process.
• TracWare™ Particle counting system by Chemtrac Systems, Inc.
• TrailigazConcept™ Ozone generator by Praxair-Trailigaz Ozone Co.
• transboundary pollutants Air pollution that travels from one jurisdiction to another, often crossing state or international boundaries.
• transducer A device that receives energy from one system and retransmits it, often in another form, to another system.
• Trans-Flo™ Rectangular tank secondary clari.er by USFilter/Envirex.
• transient, noncommunity water system (TNCWS) A noncommunity water sys­tem that does not serve 25 of the same nonresidents per day for more than 6 months per year.
• transient water system (TWS) A public water system that serves a nonresident population.
• Transmax® Medium/coarse bubble air diffuser by Enviroquip, Inc.
• transmembrane pressure (TMP) The average pressure across a membrane, mea­sured as the hydraulic pressure differential from the feed side to the permeate side.
• transmission electron microscope (TEM) A microscope with a magni.cation range of 220X to 1,000,000X at a resolution of 2 ., where illumination is provided by a beam of electrons which pass through the electron transparent specimen.
• transmission lines Pipelines that transport raw water from its source to a water treatment, and then to the distribution grid system.
• transmissivity The rate that water .ows though an aquifer under a hydraulic gradient.
• transmutation Changing one element into another by changing the number of protons in the atom nucleus.
• Trans-Pak® Solid waste compacting/baling unit by Harris Waste Management Group, Inc.
• transpiration The loss of water from the leaves and stems of plants.
• transpiration ratio The ratio of the weight of water lost to atmosphere through transpiration and the weight of dry plant material produced.
• transuranic wastes Radioactive wastes containing isotopes above uranium in the periodic table which are byproducts of fuel assembly, weapons fabrication, and reprocessing.
• Transvap Mobile wastewater reduction/recovery system by Licon, Inc.
• Trasar® Control and diagnostic technology by Nalco Chemical Co.
• trash Combustible waste including up to 10% plastic or rubber scraps from com­mercial and industrial sources.
• Trash Hog® Self-priming, solids handling pumps by ITT A-C Pump.

• trash rack A coarse screening device using a parallel set of stationary bars typi­cally spaced at 38 mm (1.5 inch) to 150 mm (6 inches).
• trash rake A mechanical screening device used to remove rough or debris or trash from a trash rack.
• trash-to-energy Burning trash to produce energy.
• Travalift™ Traversing sludge collecting and pumping mechanism formerly offered by USFilter/Envirex.
• Travcyl™ Precision metering pump by EncyNova International, Inc.
• traveling band screen See “traveling water screen (TWS).”
• traveling bridge clari.er A rectangular clari.er with the sludge removal mech­anism supported by a traversing bridge.
• traveling bridge .lter (TBF) A granular media .lter with multiple compartments which can be individually cleaned by a moveable, bridge-mounted backwash­ing device without taking the entire .lter out of service.
• traveling screen See “traveling water screen (TWS).”
• traveling water screen (TWS) Automatically cleaned screening devices employ­ing chain-mounted wire mesh panels to remove .oating or suspended solids from a channel of water.
• Traypak™ Deaerator trays by Graver Co.
• TRC Total residual chlorine.
• TRE Toxicity reduction evaluation.
• treatability study A study in which a waste is subjected to a treatment process to determine whether it is amenable to treatment and/or to determine the treatment ef.ciency or optimal process conditions for treatment.
• treated wastewater Wastewater that has been subjected to one or more physical, chemical, and biological processes to reduce its pollution of health hazards.
• treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) A description of a facility where haz­ardous waste is treated, stored, and/or disposed.
• Trebler Automatic sampler by Lakeside Equipment Corp.
• Trey Deaerator™ Three-stage deaerator by USFilter/Rockford.
• TRI See “Toxic Release Inventory (TRI).”
• trial burn An incinerator test to demonstrate compliance of the unit with RCRA operating standards.
• Triangle Brand® Copper sulfate product by Phelps Dodge Re.ning Co.
• Tribo.ow Continuous particulate emissions monitor by Auburn Systems LLC.
• Tricanter® Centrifuge by Krauss Maffei Corp.
• Tricellorator Three compartment dissolved air .otation unit by Pollution Control Systems, Inc.
• Tricep™ Granular resin .ltration process for the removal of iron and copper oxides with oil by Graver Co.
• trichloramine A compound formed by the chlorination of water containing ammo­nia which may be the source of taste and odors.
• trichloroethylene (TCE) A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial cleaner or solvent which may cause organ damage or tumors in humans.
• trickle irrigation Method in which water drips to the soil from perforated tubes or emitters.

• trickling .lter An aerobic, .xed .lm wastewater treatment process where organic matter present in a wastewater is degraded as it is distributed over a biological .lter bed.
• trickling .lter-activated sludge (TF/AS) Process combining trickling .lter wastewater treatment followed by an activated sludge process to satisfy some unique treatment requirement.
• Tricon Concrete water treatment plant with buoyant media .occulator/clari.er by USFilter/Micro.oc.
• Tridair Dissolved air .otation unit by Engineering Specialties, Inc.
• Trident® Modular water treatment plant with buoyant media .occulator/clari.er by USFilter/CPC.
• trihalomethane (THM) Disinfectant byproducts formed when chlorine reacts with organic compounds in water. These halogenated organics are named as derivatives of methane and include suspected carcinogens.
• trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) An indirect measure of triha­lomethanes determined by a laboratory test procedure that measures the amount of trihalomethane precusors in a sample.
• Trimite™ Package water treatment plant with buoyant media .occulator/clari.er USFilter/Micro.oc.
• Tri-NOx® NOx removal process by Tri-Mer Corp.
• Triogen UV disinfection systems by Ozonia North America.
• Tri-Packs® Plastic packing media by Jaeger Products, Inc.
• triple point The condition at which the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance coexist simultaneously in equilibrium.
• Triplex™ Three-stage air scrubber by USFilter/Davis Process.
• Trisep™ Oil/solids/water separation .lters by Graver Co.
• Triton® Surface mounted aerator/mixer by Aeration Industries, Inc.
• Triton® Wedgewire screen lateral underdrain system USFilter/Micro.oc.
• Tritor Front cleaned bar screen and grit removal device by USFilter/Headworks Products.
• Triturator Screenings grinder by USFilter/Envirex.
• TriZone™ Packaged water treatment/ozonation system by USFilter/Micro.oc.
• Troll Submersible water and temperature level probe by In-Situ, Inc.
• Tromax™ Trommel screen by Norkot Mfg. Co.
• tromeling The removal of small diameter solids using a trommel screen.
• trommel screen A cylindrical, rotating screen used to separate solid waste mate­rial according to size and density.
• trophic level Any of the distinct feeding levels in a food chain.
• tropical Term used to describe the region, climate, or vegetation characteristic of the tropical zone.
• tropical rain forest The densely forested equatorial regions of the world that experience very high annual rainfall.
• tropical zone The region of the earth located between the Tropic of Cancer at latitude 23°26. north and the Tropic of Capricorn at latitude 23°26. south, which has a warm/hot year-round climate.

• troposphere The lowest level of the atmosphere that extends to a height of between 9 and 16 km above the earth’s surface.
• TroubleShooter™ Portable containment unit for hazardous waste spills by Ther­maFab, Inc.
• TRPH Total recoverable petroleum hydrocarbons.
• true color The color in water caused by the presence of humic or fulvic acids which result from the decomposition of organic matter.
• Tru-Grit Grit washing and separation system by Waterlink Separations, Inc.
• Tru-Gritter Grit removal system by Vulcan Industries, Inc.
• trunnion A pivot or pin mounted on bearings used to rotate or tilt something.
• Tru-Test Automatic liquid sampler formerly offered by USFilter/Headworks Products.
• TS See “total solids (TS).”
• TSCA See “Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).”
• TSD See “treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD).”
• TSDF Treatment, storage, and disposal facility.
• TSE Treated sewage ef.uent.
• TSP See “total suspended particulates (TSP).”
• TSS See “total suspended solids (TSS).”
• TSV Telescoping sludge valve.
• TTHM See “total trihalomethane (TTHM).”
• TTHM>0 Instantaneous total trihalomethane concentration.
• TTHMFP Total trihalomethane formation potential.
• TTO See “total toxic organics (TTO).”
• TTS See “temporary threshold shift (TTS).”
• TU Turbidity unit. See “nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU).”
• Tub Scrubber Single stage dry chemical air scrubber by Pura.l, Inc.
• tube settlers A series of parallel inclined tubes used to increase the settling ef.­ciency of sedimentation basins.
• tubercles Knob-like mounds of corrosion on pipe surfaces.
• tuberculation Development or formation of small mounds of corrosion products on the inside of iron pipe which roughen the pipe and increase its resistance to water .ow.
• tubesheet Flat plate used to secure the ends of tubes in an evaporator, heat exchanger, or boiler.
• TUc Chronic toxicity unit.
• Tuff-Span Modular tank covers by Enduro Composite Systems.
• Tulsion® High temperature ion exchange resin by Thermax, Ltd.
• tundra An ecosystem dominated by lichens, mosses, grasses, and woody plants found at high latitudes (arctic tundra) and high altitudes (alpine tundra). Arctic tundra is underlain by permafrost and is usually saturated.
• Tunnel Reactor® In-vessel composting system by the former Waste Solutions.
• turbid Cloudy or opaque condition of water caused by unsettled particles or sediment.

• turbidimeter Instrument used to measure water turbidity by detecting the intensity of light scattered at angles from a beam of light projected through a water sample.
• turbidity A qualitative measurement of water clarity resulting from suspended matter that scatters or otherwise interferes with the passage of light through the water.
• Turbo® Mechanical surface aerator by Aeration Industries, Inc.
• Turbo™ Reverse osmosis booster pump by Pump Engineering, Inc.
• TurboBlade™ Low speed mixer with variable pitch impeller blades by Baker Process.
• TurboClean™ Spiral wound membrane element by TriSep Corp.
• Turbodrain Gravity belt thickener by Gebr. Bellmer GmbH.
• TURBO-Dryer® Sludge dryer by Wyssmont Co., Inc.
• Turbo.ll™ Random packed air stripper media by Diversi.ed Remediation Con­trols, Inc.
• TurboFlow™ Soil remediation exhausters and blowers by Invincible AirFlow Systems.
• Turbo-Scour Continuously cleaned package sand .lters by Smith & Loveless, Inc.
• Turboshredder Cutter assembly for grinder pump by Homa Pump Technology.
• TurboStripper™ Air stripping technology by Diversi.ed Remediation Controls, Inc.
• Turbotron® Rotary lobe blower by Gardner Denver Blower Division.
• Turbo-Vac® Central vacuum system for dust and airborne particulates by PBR Industries.
• Turbozone® Catalytic odor oxidizer by RGF O3 Systems, Inc.
• Turbulator Rapid mixing unit by Walker Process Equipment.
• turbulence (1) The .uid property characterized by irregular variation in the speed and direction of movement of individual particles or elements of the .ow.
• (2) A state of .ow of water in which the water is agitated by cross currents and eddies, as opposed to laminar, streamlined, or laminar .ow. turbulent .ow A .ow situation in which the .uid moves in a random manner
• with a Reynolds number usually greater than 4000.
• turgid Swollen or distended by a buildup of .uid.
• turndown A ratio expressing the maximum-to-minimum capacity of a process or device.
• turnover Seasonal (spring and fall) change that occurs in a lake’s thermal gradi­
• ents, resulting in the circulation of biological and chemical materials. TVA Tennessee Valley Authority. TVC Thermal vapor compression. See “vapor compression evaporation (VC).” TVR Thermal vapor recompression. See “vapor compression evaporation (VC).” TWA See “time-weighted average.” Twister Fine bubble diffuser by MixAir Technologies, Inc. Twister Low speed surface aerator by Aeromix Systems, Inc. TWL Top water level.

• two-tray clari.er Space-saving wastewater clari.er arrangement where one lon­gitudinal clari.er basin is located above another and both are operated in parallel or series.
• TWPS Tactical water puri.cation system.
• TWS (1) See “traveling water screen (TWS).” (2) See “Transient water system.”
• TxPro™ Solids transmitter by BTG, Inc.
• TxPro-2™ Suspended solids/turbidity transmitter by Zellweger Analytics, Inc.
• Tync Aeration Former name of Aeration Research Company.
• type I settling See “discrete particle settling.”
• type II settling See “.occulant settling.”
• type III settling See “hindered settling.”
• type IV settling See “compression settling.”
• typhoid Highly infectious disease of the gastrointestinal tract caused by water­
• borne bacteria. Typhoon High speed surface aerator by Aeromix Systems, Inc. Tysul Hydrogen peroxide oxidant by E.I. DuPont De Nemours, Inc. TZ Treatment zone

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