مسرد بيئي B

المعجم البيئي مشروع قيد العمل ويحتاج لترجمة وإضافة بنود

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

• B-10 life The rated life de.ning the number of revolutions that 90% of a group of identical bearings will complete before .rst evidence of failure develops. Also known as “L-10 life.”
• B2A™ Multi-media biological .lter by USFilter/Krüger (North America) and OTV.
• Babcock Water Engineering Former name of CASS Water Engineering, Inc.
• BAC Biologically active carbon.
• bacilli Rod-shaped bacteria.
• back pressure Pressure due to a force operating in a direction opposite to that
• required. back.ll The material used to re.ll a ditch or excavation, or the process of re.lling. back.ow Flow reversal in a water distribution system that may result in contam­
• ination due to a cross connection. back.ow prevention device Device used to prevent cross connection, or back.ow of nonpotable water into potable water system.
• background concentration The general level of air pollutants in a region with all local sources of pollution ignored.
• background contamination Contamination introduced accidentally into dilution waters, reagents, rinse water, or solvents which can be confused with constit­uents in the sample being analyzed.
• background level The concentration of pollutants in a de.nite area during a .xed period of time prior to starting up a source of emission undercontrol.
• background organic matter (BOM) Natural organic matter in a mixture with one or more speci.c organic chemicals.
• background radiation Nuclear radiation arising from within the human body and normal surroundings.
• background soil pH The pH of the soil prior to the addition of substances that alter the hydrogen ion concentration.
• backsiphonage A back.ow of water of questionable quality that results from a negative pressure within water distribution system.
• backwash A high-rate reversal of .ow for the purpose of cleaning or removing solids from a .lter bed or screening medium.
• backwash rate The .ow rate used during .lter backwash when the direction of .ow through the .lter is reversed for cleaning.
• BACM Best available control measures.
• BACT Best available control technology.
• bacteria Microbes that decompose and stabilize organic matter in wastewater.
• BADT Best available demonstrated technology.
• BAF (1) See “biologically active .lter.” (2) Biologically activated foam.
• baf.e An obstructing device or plate used to provide even distribution or to prevent short-circuiting or vortexing of .ow entering a tank or vessel.
• baf.e chamber In incinerator design, a chamber designed to promote the settling of .y ash and coarse particulate matter by changing the direction and/or reducing the velocity of the gases produced by the combustion of the refuse or sludge.
• Baf.e.ow Oil removal tank with permeable baf.es to prevent short circuiting by Walker Process Equipment.
• bagasse The .brous residue from crushed sugar cane or sugar beet after the extraction of sugar juice.
• baghouse An air emissions control device that uses a fabric or glass .ber .lter to remove airborne particulates from a gas stream.
• bailer A long pipe with a check valve at the lower end used to remove a slurry or oil from the bottom or side of a well.
• Bak.o Barge mounted oil skimmer by Vikoma International Ltd.
• bale.ll A land disposal site where solid waste material is compacted and baled prior to disposal.
• baler A machine used to compress and bind solid recyclable materials such as cardboard or paper.
• ball valve A valve utilizing a rotating ball with a hole through it that allows straight-through .ow in the open position.
• ballast water Water used in a ship’s hold for stabilization often requiring treatment as an oily wastewater.
• Ballasted Floc Reactor™ (BFR) Reactor-clari.er system by USFilter/General Filter.
• ballistic separator A machine that sorts organic from inorganic matter for composting.
• Bamag Former name of Lurgi Bamag GmbH.
• banana-blade mixer High .ow, low-shear mixer with rotating back-swept propeller.
• band application The spreading of pesticides, fertilizer, or other chemicals over, or next to, each row of plants in a .eld.
• Bandit™ Raking machine by Brackett Geiger.
• bandscreen See “traveling water screen (TWS).”
• bank sand Sand excavated from a natural deposit, usually not suitable for use in a .lter processing or grading.
• bar A unit of pressure equal to 0.9869 atmospheres, 106 dynes per square centi­meter, 100,000 pascals, and 14.5 pounds per square inch.
• bar screen A screening device using a parallel set of stationary bars typically spaced at 25 mm (1 inch) to 50 mm (2 inches).
• Bardenpho™ Biological wastewater treatment process for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by Baker Process.
• Barminutor® Combination bar screen and comminuting device by Yeomans Chi­cago Corp.
• barnacles A marine crustacean with a calcareous shell that attaches itself to submerged objects.
• Barnebey & Sutcliffe Former name of Waterlink/Barnebey Sutcliffe.
• barometer An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.
• barometric condenser A condenser in which vapor is condensed by direct contact with water.
• barometric damper A pivoting plate used to regulate the amount of air entering a duct or .ue to maintain a constant draft within an incinerator.
• barometric leg (1) A condensate discharge line submerged below the liquid level of an atmospheric tank. (2) A gravity tailpipe from a vacuum barometric condenser.
• barometric pressure Ambient or local pressure surrounding a gauge, evaporator shell, vent pipe, etc.
• barrel (bbl) 42 U.S. gallons.
• barriered landscape water renovation system (BLWRS) A wastewater treat­ment and denitri.cation system where wastewater is applied to the top of a mound of soil overlaying a water barrier and microbes oxidize soluble organics as the water percolates through the soil.
• barrier reef A long ridge of coral built up from the sea .oor that runs parallel to the mainland but is separated from it by a deep lagoon.
• Barry Rake Trash rake by Cross Machine, Inc.
• BART Best available retro.t technology.
• Bartlett-Snow™ Rotary calciner for soil reclamation by ABB Raymond.
• basal application The application of pesticides on plant stems or tree trunks just above the soil line.
• base (1) A substance that can accept a proton. (2) A substance that can react with an acid to form a salt. (3) An alkaline substance.
• baseline A sample used as a comparative reference point when conducting further tests or calculations.
• basic water requirement (BWR) The amount of water required by humans for drinking, sanitation, bathing, and cooking needs to meet a minimum quality of life, and generally considered to be 50 liters per day per person.
• basicity factor Factor used to determine neutralization capabilities of alkaline reagents used to treat acidic wastes.
• basket centrifuge Batch-type centrifuge where sludge is introduced into a verti­cally mounted spinning basket and separation occurs as centrifugal force drives the solids to the wall of the basket.
• basophil A cell or substance easily stained by basic dyes. Also spelled “basophile.”
• Basys Biol.lter Modular air pollution control .lter by Basys Technologies.
• BAT See “best available technology (BAT).”
• Batch Master Package wastewater treatment system by USFilter/Industrial Waste­water Systems.
• batch process A noncontinuous treatment process in which a discrete quantity or batch of liquid is treated or produced at one time.
• batch reactor A reactor where the contents are completely mixed and .ow is neither entering nor leaving the reactor vessel.
• Batch-Master Bottom discharge basket centrifuge by Baker Process/Ketema.
• Batch-Miser Horizontal plate .lter by Baker Process/Ketema.
• Batch-O-Matic Bottom discharge basket centrifuge by Baker Process/Ketema.
• BATEA Best available technology economically achievable and available.
• bathyal zone The ecological zone of the ocean above the abyssal zone, generally between 200 and 3500 meters.
• BATNEEC Best available technology not entailing excessive cost.
• battery limit The boundary limits of equipment or a process unit that de.nes interconnecting points for electrical piping or wiring.
• Bauer® Screening equipment product line acquired by Andritz-Ruthner, Inc.
• Baumé Designation of hydrometer scale used to indicate speci.c gravity.
• bauxite Ore containing alumina monohydrate or alumina trihydrate which is the principal raw material for alumina production.
• bbl See “barrel (bbl).”
• BCC See “bioaccumulative chemicals of concern (BCC).”
• BCF (1) See “bioconcentration factor (BCF).” (2) Bead and crevice free.
• BCL Screen Back cleaned bar screen by Waste-Tech, Inc.
• BCPCT Best conventional pollutant control technology.
• BCT Best control technology.
• BDAT See “best demonstrated available technology (BDAT).”
• BDCT Best demonstrated control technology.
• BDOC See “biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC).”
• BDT Best demonstrated technology.
• beachwell A shallow intake well making use of beach sand and structure as a .lter medium.
• Bead Mover™ Ion exchange resin and .lter media loading pump by IX Services Co.
• Bead Thief™ Ion exchange resin core sampler by IX Services Co.
• Beaufort scale A numerical scale of wind force where a Beaufort force 0 wind is calm and a force 12 wind indicates hurricane force with winds in excess of 120 km/hr (75 mph).
• bed depth The depth of .lter media or ion exchange resin contained in a vessel.
• bed load Sediment particles resting on or near the channel bottom that are pushed or rolled along by the .ow of water.
• bed volume (BV) The volume occupied by .lter media in a .lter, or resin in an ion exchange device.
• bedrock Solid rock encountered below the mantle of loose rock and soil which occurs on the earth’s surface.
• Beggiatoa Filamentous microbe, commonly associated with sludge bulking, that results from low dissolved oxygen levels and/or high sul.de levels.
• BEI See “biological exposure indexes (BEI).”
• BEJ Best engineering judgement.
• Bekomat ® Micro-processor-driven condensate trap by BEKO Condensate Sys­tems Corp.
• Bekosplit Separation process for condensate emulsions by BEKO Condensate Systems Corp.
• Bekox Former name of USFilter/Bekox.
• Belclene® Scale control additive by BioLab, Inc.
• Belcor Organic corrosion control by BioLab, Inc.
• Belgard® Antiscalant for seawater evaporators by BioLab, Inc.
• Belite® Antifoaming agent by BioLab, Inc.
• Bellacide Algaecide by BioLab, Inc.
• BelloZon Chlorine dioxide generator by ProMinent Fluid Controls, Inc.
• Beloit-Passavant Company acquired by USFilter/Zimpro.
• Belspere® Chemical dispersant by BioLab, Inc.
• belt conveyor A device used to transport material, consisting of an endless belt that revolves around head and tail pulleys.
• belt .lter press See “belt press.”
• belt press A dewatering device utilizing two fabric belts revolving over a series of rollers to squeeze water from the sludge.
• belt thickener Mechanical sludge processing device that uses a revolving hori­zontal .lter belt to pre-thicken sludge prior to dewatering and/or disposal.
• bench test A small scale test or study used to determine whether a technology is suitable for a particular application.
• bene.cial organism A pollinating insect, pest predator, parasite, pathogen, or other biological control agent which functions naturally or as part of an integrated pest management program to control another pest.
• benthal oxygen demand The oxygen demand exerted by microbes and other organisms living on, or in close association with, the organic mud and sludge deposits on the bottom of a river or stream.
• benthic Relating to the bottom environment of a water body.
• benthos Microbes and other organisms living on or in close association with the bottom of a water body.
• BentoLiner™ Clay composite liner by SLT North America, Inc.
• Bentomat™ Geotextile-bentonite liner by Colloid Environmental Technologies Co.
• bentonite Colloidal clay-like mineral that can be used as a coagulant aid in water treatment systems. Sometimes used as the earth component or soil amendment for construction of a pond or land.ll liner because of its low permeability.
• benzene A colorless, .ammable liquid with carcinogenic properties produced from coal tar and used as a solvent. Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon charac­terized by its six-sided ring structure with the chemical formula C6H6.
• Bepex Former name of Hosokawa Bepex Corp.
• berm A horizontal, earthen ridge or bank.
• Bernoulli’s Equation Energy equation commonly used to calculate head pressure, and considers velocity head, static head, and elevation.
• beryllium An airborne metal hazardous to human health when inhaled that may be discharged by machine shops, ceramic and propellant plants, and foundries.
• best available technology (BAT) The best technology, treatment techniques, or other means available after considering .eld, rather than solely laboratory conditions.
• best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) A technology demonstrated in full-scale commercial operation and shown to have statistically better perfor­mance than other technologies.
• best management practice (BMP) The schedules of activities, methods, mea­sures, and other accepted industry management practices to prevent pollution of waters and facilitate compliance with applicable regulations.
• Beta NOx 2000™ NOx oxidation/reduction unit by Duall Division, Met-Pro Corp.
• beta particles Electrons emitted by a radioactive nucleus.
• beta radiation A stream of beta particles released during radioactive decay.
• Betz Laboratories Former name of BetzDearborn, Inc.
• BevMAX™ Reverse osmosis system for beverage industry applications by USFilter.
• BFI® Trademark of Browning-Ferris Industries, Inc.
• BFR See “Ballasted Floc Reactor™ (BFR).”
• B-Gon™ Mist eliminator by Kimre Inc.
• BGS2 Sludge dryer/pelletizer formerly offered by Wheelabrator Water Technolo­gies, Inc.
• BHN Probiotic Lagoon sludge oxidation product line by Bio Huma Netics, Inc.
• B-horizon The intermediate soil layer, usually having a high clay content, where minerals and other particles washed down from the A-horizon accumulate.
• bhp Brake horsepower. The power developed by an engine as measured by a dynamometer applied to the shaft or .ywheel.
• Bibbigard Torque limitor by Brunel Corp.
• Bibo Dewatering and drainage pumps by ITT Flygt Corp.
• bicarbonate A chemical compound containing an HCO3 group.
• bicarbonate alkalinity Water alkalinity caused by bicarbonate ions.
• bicarbonate hardness Water hardness caused by calcium bicarbonate and mag­nesium bicarbonate.
• BI-CHEM Surfactant degradation product by Sybron Chemicals, Biochemical Division.
• Bi-Chem® Selectively adapted bacterial cultures for wastewater treatment by Sybron Chemicals, Inc.
• BIF See “boilers and industrial furnaces (BIF).”
• BIF® Product group of BIF.
• bi.ow .lter Granular media .lter characterized by water .ow from both top and bottom to a collector located in the center of the .lter bed.
• Big Dipper® Grease removal unit by Thermaco, Inc.
• bilharzia Waterborne disease also known as “schistosomiasis.”
• binary .ssion Asexual reproduction in some microbes where the parent organism splits into two independent organisms.
• Bio Disk-10 Biological deodorizer by Neutraman, Inc.
• Bio Dredge A lagoon sludge oxidation process by Unisol.
• Bio Genesis™ Microbial formulation to reduce wastewater odors by Bio Huma Netics, Inc.
• Bio Gro Bio Gro Division of Wheelabrator Water Technologies, Inc.
• Bio Jet-7 Organic solution of seven strains of live, non-toxic bacteria by Jet, Inc.
• Bio Max™ Floating piping system by Environmental Dynamics Inc.
• Bio*Fix® Alkaline stabilization process for biosolids by Wheelabrator Water Tech­nologies, Inc.
• Bio*Lime® Agricultural liming agent by Wheelabrator Water Technologies, Inc.
• Bio/Scent™ Liquid odor neutralizer by Hinsilblon Laboratories.
• BioAccelerator™ Groundwater treatment unit by Biotrol.
• bioaccumulants Substances that increase in concentration in living organisms as they take in contaminated air, water, or food because the substances are very slowly metabolized or excreted. See also “biological magni.cation.”
• bioaccumulation The process by which living organisms absorb and retain chem­icals or elements from their environment, especially from their food.
• bioaccumulative A characteristic of a chemical whose rate of intake into a living organism is greater than its rate of excretion or metabolism.
• bioaccumulative chemicals of concern (BCC) Chemicals including mercury, dioxin, chlordane, DDT, and PCBs which accumulate in the environment and represent potential risks to human health, aquatic life, and wildlife.
• Bio-Activation Combination activated sludge and trickling .lter wastewater treat­ment system by Amwell, Inc.
• bioassay An analytical method that uses living organisms to measure the effect of a substance, factor, or condition on the environment.
• bioaugmentation A method of cleaning up pollution by inoculating a site with speci.c contaminant-targeted microbes in high density.
• Biobed Wastewater treatment plant by Biothane Corp.
• biobrick A kiln-dried building brick with an organic component provided by municipal wastewater solids.
• BioCam Wastewater treatment system utilizing conditioned anaerobic methano­gens by Parkson Corp.
• Biocarb™ Activated carbon by USFilter/Westates.
• Biocarbone® Biological wastewater treatment process using immersed .xed bed .lter by USFilter/Krüger.
• Biocel Modular bio.ltration system for VOC reduction by Envirogen.
• biochemical oxidation Oxidative reactions brought about by biological activity which result in chemical combination of oxygen with organic matter.
• biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) A standard measure of wastewater strength that quanti.es the oxygen consumed in a stated period of time; usually 5 days and at 20°C.
• Biocidal™ Sodium hypochlorite system by Scienco/FAST Systems.
• biocide A chemical used to inhibit or control the population of troublesome microbes.
• Bio-Clari.er Secondary clari.er with rotating sludge scoop for use with package rotating biological contactor by USFilter/Envirex.
• Bioclean Reverse osmosis membrane cleaner by BetzDearborn-Argo District.
• Bioclere™ Packaged wastewater treatment plants by Eko.nn Bioclere.
• bioconcentration The net increase in concentration of a substance in plants and animals above what is found in the natural surroundings.
• bioconcentration factor (BCF) The accumulation of chemicals that live in con­taminated environments equal to the quotient of the concentration of a sub­stance in aquatic organisms divided by the concentration in the water during the same time period.
• Biocontact® Biological aerated .lter by Ekokan.
• biocontactor A unit process such as an aeration basin, trickling .lter, RBC, or digester where microbes degrade/transform organic matter.
• bioconversion The conversion of organic waste products into an energy resource through the action of microbes.
• biocriteria Quantitative and narrative goals for the aquatic community used within water programs.
• Biocube™ Aerobic bio.lter for airborne odors and VOCs by AMETEK Rotron Bio.ltration.
• Bio-D® Bioremediation nutrients by Medina Products Bioremediation Division.
• biodegradable Term used to describe organic matter which can undergo biological decomposition.
• biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) The portion of TOC that is easily degraded by microbes.
• biodegradable organic matter (BOM) The portion of organic matter in water that can be degraded by microbes.
• BIOdek® Synthetic media for .xed .lm wastewater treatment reactors by Brent-wood Industries, Inc.
• BioDen™ Anaerobic biological nitrate removal process by Nitrate Removal Tech­nologies, LLC.
• BioDenipho® Biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal process by USFil­ter/Krüger.
• Biodenit® Biological denitri.cation process using immersed .xed bed .lter by USFilter/Krüger.
• Bio-Denitro® Biological nitrogen removal process by USFilter/Krüger.
• biodiversity An environment where multiple organisms coexist.
• BioDoc® Rotary distributor for trickling .lters by WesTech Engineering Inc.
• Bio-Drum Rotating drum containing biological .lter media for wastewater treat­ment by JDV Equipment Corp.
• Bio-Energizer Lagoon sludge oxidation system by Probiotic Solutions.
• biofeasibility A bioremediation feasibility study done to determine the applica­bility and potential success of a bioremediation technique or procedure for a given site.
• bio.lm An accumulation of microbial growth.
• Bio.ltAIR™ Biological air .lter by Biorem Technologies, Inc.
• bio.lter See “biological .lter.”
• BioFlex® Moving aeration chains for wastewater treatment systems by Parkson Corp.
• Bio.ush Trash rake by E. Beaudrey & Co.
• Biofor™ Biological .xed .lm wastewater treatment system by In.lco Degremont, Inc.
• biofoul Presence and growth of organic matter in a water system.
• BioFuser® Oxygen transfer and mixing units for wastewater treatment systems by Parkson Corp.
• biogas The gases produced by the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter.
• biogenesis The theory that living organisms arise only from other living organisms.
• Bioglas Rigid, open cell foam silica biological oxidation media by the former Bioglas Corp.
• Bioglas Alpha Package .xed .lm wastewater treatment plant by the former Bio­glas Corp.
• Biograte Floor grating by Brentwood Industries, Inc.
• BioGuard ACS™ Biofouling inhibitor for reverse osmosis systems by Profes­sional Water Technologies, Inc.
• BioGuard® In.uent cleaning system by Parkson Corp.
• BioGuide® Process monitoring and control technology by BioChem Technology, Inc.
• Bioken Former name of Filter Products.
• biokinetics The branch of science that pertains to the study of living organisms.
• Biolac® Extended aeration waste treatment process by Parkson Corp.
• Biolift™ Waste activated sludge thickening system by Baker Process.
• Biologic™ Nutrient supplement for wastewater treatment facilities by SciCorp Systems, Inc.
• biological exposure indexes (BEI) Guidelines used for assessing the hazard posed to healthy workers by chemical substances present in the body.
• biological .lter A bed of sand, stone, or other media through which wastewater .ows that depends on biological action for its effectiveness.
• biological magni.cation Refers to the process whereby certain substances such as pesticides or heavy metals move up the food chain, work their way into rivers or lakes, and are eaten by aquatic organisms such as .sh, which in turn are eaten by large birds, animals, or humans.
• biological process The process by which the metabolic activities of bacteria and other microorganisms break down complex organic materials into simple, more stable substances.
• biological treatment A treatment technology that uses bacteria to consume organic waste.
• biologically active .lter (BAF) A granular media .lter, usually employing acti­vated carbon or anthracite which relies on the growth of a bio.lm to aid in the degradation of organic matter and/or ammonia.
• Bio-Lysis® Sludge reduction process by Kady International.
• biomass The mass of biological material contained in a system.
• biome A biological community or ecosystem characterized by a speci.c habitat and climate such as a tropical rain forest or a desert.
• biomedical waste Waste derived from the operation of hospital, laboratory, and health care facilities.
• Biomizer™ Continuously sequencing reactor process by Environmental Dynamics Inc.
• Bio-Module Package wastewater treatment plant using rotating biological contac­tors by USFilter/Envirex.
• BioMonitor™ Automated on-line BOD analyzer by Anatel Corp.
• biomonitoring The use of living organisms to test water quality at a discharge site or further downstream.
• Bio-Net® Rotating biological contactor by NSW Corp.
• BIONOx™ Submersible aerator/mixer by ABS Pumps, Inc.
• Bionutre Nutrient removal process by USFilter/Envirex.
• Bio-Nutri™ Nitrogen and phosphorus removal process by Smith & Loveless, Inc.
• Bio-Ox™ Bioreactor for biological treatment of wastewater by SRE, Inc.
• bio-oxidation See “biochemical oxidation.”
• Bio-Pac Package trickling .lter formerly offered by USFilter/Envirex.
• Bio-Pac SF#30 Trickling .lter media by NSW Corp.
• Biopaq ® Up.ow anaerobic sludge blanket process used for treatment of high-strength wastes by CBI Walker, Inc., (U.S. licensee), Biwater (U.K. licensee), and Paques B.V. (licensor).
• BioPasteur® Biosolids pasteurization system by USFilter/Krüger.
• biopile A remediation technique that involves the mounding of contaminated soil in a lined and covered pile with air and amendments circulating via pumping.
• Bio-Pure Water reclamation treatment plant by AquaClear Technologies Corp.
• biopure water Water that is sterile, pyrogen free and has a total solids content of less than 1 mg/L.
• Biopuric Technology to remove hydrogen sul.de from anaerobic digester biogas by Biothane Corp.
• Bio-Reel™ Fixed .lm wastewater treatment system using coiled, corrugated tub­ing by Schreiber Corp.
• bioremediation The use of the natural ability of microbes to use waste materials
• in their metabolic processes and convert them into harmless endproducts. Bio-S® Bioremediation surfactant by Medina Products Bioremediation Division. Bioscan 2 Monitoring technology for microbial activity by BetzDearborn, Inc. Bioscrub™ Rotating biological contactor odor and VOC treatment system by CMS
• Group, Inc. Bioscrubbers™ Biological-based system for removal of odors by WRc Process Engineering. Biosep® Membrane water/wastewater treatment process by USFilter/Krüger
• (North America) and OTV. Bio-Separator Floating .ow diversion baf.e for lagoons by ThermaFab, Inc. bioslurping An in situ remediation technique that involves extraction of both vapor
• and liquid from the subsurface, also known as “dual-phase extraction.” Bio-Sock Fabric sock used to introduce bacterial cultures into a .ow by Sybron
• Chemicals, Inc. Biosock™ Biological culture application system by Sybron Chemicals, Inc. biosolids Solid organic matter recovered from municipal wastewater treatment that
• can be bene.cially used, especially as a fertilizer. “Biosolids” are solids that
• have been stabilized within the treatment process, whereas “sludge” has not. biosorption process See “contact stabilization process.” Bio-Source™ Biocide by Avista Technologies. biosparging A groundwater remediation technology where compressed air is
• injected into a contaminated aquifer. biosphere The mass of living organisms found in a thin belt at the earth’s surface. BioSpiral Rotating biological contactor formerly offered by Walker Process
• Equipment. Biostart™ Liquid microbial concentrate by Advanced Microbial Systems, Inc. biostat A substance that inhibits biological growth without destroying the biomass. biostimulation A method of cleaning up pollution using indigenous microbes at
• a contaminated site and providing only fertilizers, nutrients, or special chem­ical compounds that speed the growth of the indigenous microbial population. Biostyr® Up.ow mixed media reactor process for removal of nitrogen and sus­
• pended solids by USFilter/Krüger (North America) and OTV. Biostyrene® Floating .lter media by USFilter/Krüger (North America) and OTV. Bio-Surf Rotating biological contactor process by USFilter/Envirex. biota All living organisms within a system. Biotac™ Bioremediation system that delivers bacteria to wet wells by USFil­
• ter/Davis Process.
• biotechnology Techniques that use living organisms or parts of organisms to produce a variety of products to improve plants or animals or to develop microorganisms to remove toxics from bodies of water, or act as pesticides.
• Biothane® Anaerobic wastewater treatment process by Biothane Corp.
• Bio-Tite® Bio.ltration odor control system by Thermacon Enviro Systems, Inc.
• Bioton® Biological VOC and odor control system by Monsanto Enviro-Chem
• Systems, Inc. biotower See “biological .lter.”
• Biotox® Regenerative thermal oxidation process by Biothermica International, Inc. biotransformation Conversion of a substance into other compounds by organ­isms; includes biodegradation.
• biotrickling .lter Odor treatment system where air is scrubbed with recirculating liquid .owing over high-porosity packing materials covered with a thin .lm of sulfur-oxidizing microbes.
• bioturbation The net effect of the activity of benthic organisms at wastewater treatment plant discharges which may aid in the dispersion of contaminants and increase the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between the sediment and water.
• bioventing An in situ groundwater remediation technology where air is introduced into unsaturated soil to facilitate biodegradation of organic contaminants. BioWeb™ Synthetic media providing a growth site for wastewater biomass by
• USFilter/Davco. Biox™ Package water treatment plant by Bioscience, Inc. Bioxide® Sewage odor control product by USFilter/Davis Process. Bioxide-AQ™ Odor and corrosion control product by USFilter/Davis Process. BIPM International Bureau of Weights and Measures. bipolar membrane A membrane composed of two distinct layers of oppositely
• charged materials. bipolar membrane electrodialysis See “water splitting.” Bird Machine Sludge dewatering equipment product line of Baker Process. Birm® Granular .lter media for removal of iron and manganese by Clack Corp. bittern The bitter liquid remaining after the crystallization of salt from a brine.
• See also “mother liquor.” Bitumastic® Coal tar coating products by Carboline Co. bituminous coal A coal high in carbonaceous matter that yields a considerable
• amount of volatile waste matter when burned. Blace Filter A precoat .lter system by Blace Filtronics, Inc. Black Clawson Former name of Thermal Black Clawson. black liquor Strong organic waste generated during kraft pulping process. black lung disease Common name for the lung disease “anthracosis” caused by
• prolonged inhalation of coal dust, which results in .brosis, or scarring of lung
• tissue. black sand Discoloration of .lter sand resulting from manganese deposits. black water (1) A condition in drinking water that results from the presence of
• excess oxidized manganese. (2) Water that contains animal, human, or food waste. blank A quality control sample representing a matrix and containing all the con­
• stituents except the analyte. blanketing gas Nitrogen or other inert gas used in a “gas blanket.” blast furnace Furnace used in iron-making process in which hot blast air .ows
• upward through the raw materials and exits at the furnace top. Blastocystis An intestinal protozoan parasite transmitted by contaminate food or water. Blaw-Knox Former name of Buffalo Technologies, Inc.
• bleach An oxidizing compound usually containing chlorine combined with cal­cium or sodium.
• bleed To draw accumulated liquid or gas from a line or container.
• Blendmaster Sludge mixer by McLanahan Corp.
• Blendrex™ Motionless mixer by LCI Corp.
• blind .ange A .anged plate or blind used to close the end of a pipeline.
• blinding The reduction or cessation of .ow through a .lter resulting from solids restricting the .lter openings.
• Blizzard Adsorption System Polymeric adsorbent technology for VOC abatement by On-Demand Environmental Systems, Inc.
• BLM U.S. Department of Interior’s Bureau of Land Management.
• Block & Hong process Biological phosphorus removal process by USFil­ter/Krüger.
• blood worm The larval stage of the midge .y.
• bloodborne pathogen Pathogenic microbes present in human blood and other potentially infectious materials which can cause disease in humans.
• bloom See “algal bloom.”
• blowback Filtrate blown out through the .lter medium on a rotary vacuum .lter by the air introduced to move the .lter cake away from the cloth.
• blowdown A controlled discharge from a recirculating system designed to prevent a buildup of some material.
• blower Air conveying equipment that generates pressures up to 103 kPa (15 psi) commonly used for wastewater aeration systems.
• BLS™ Sludge reduction process by Kady International.
• blue baby syndrome See “methemoglobinemia.”
• blue vitriol Common name for copper sulfate used to control algae.
• blue-green algae A group of aquatic organisms having a blue pigment in addition to a green-colored colorophyll, and often the cause of nuisance conditions in water bodies.
• BLWRS See “barriered landscape water renovation system (BLWRS).”
• BMP See “best management practice (BMP).”
• BMR Baseline monitoring report.
• BNR Biological nutrient removal.
• Boa-Boom Oil spill containment booms by Environetics, Inc.
• Boat® Boat-shaped intrachannel clari.er by United Industries, Inc.
• BOD See “biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).”
• BOD5 Five-day carbonaceous or nitri.cation-inhibited BOD. See also “biochem­ical oxygen demand (BOD).”
• BOD-Seed™ Seed microbes for BOD testing by Sybron Chemicals, Inc.
• BODu See “ultimate BOD (BODU).”
• body burden The total radiation or toxic material present in the body at a point in time.
• body feed Coating material added to the in.uent of precoat .lters during .ltration cycle.
• bog Poorly drained land .lled with decayed organic matter that is wet and spongy and unable to support an appreciable weight.
• BogenFilter™ Belt .lter press by Klein America, Inc.
• boil out An evaporator cleaning process where wash water is boiled in an evapo­rator to remove scale deposits.
• boiler A vessel in which water is continually vaporized into steam by the appli­cation of heat.
• boiler feedwater Water which, in the best practice, is softened and/or demineral­ized, heated to nearly boiler temperature, and deaerated before being pumped into a steam boiler.
• Boilermate® Packed column deaerator by Cleaver-Brooks.
• boilers and industrial furnaces (BIF) A category of thermal treatment opera­tions, also including cement and aggregate kilns, asphalt, and smelting fur­naces, whose combustion processes and air emissions are regulated.
• boiling point The temperature at which a liquid’s vapor pressure equals the pres­sure acting on the liquid.
• boiling point elevation (BPE) The difference between the boiling point of a solu­tion and the boiling point of pure water at the same pressure.
• BOM See “biodegradable organic matter (BOM)” and “background organic matter (BOM).”
• bomb calorimeter An instrument used to determine the heat content of sludge or other material.
• bone char A carbon-based adsorbent made by carbonizing animal bones.
• BonoZon Ozone generator by ProMinent Fluid Controls, Inc.
• BOO Build, own, operate.
• BOOM Build-own-operate-maintain.
• boom A .oating barrier used to contain oil on a body of water.
• booster pump A pump used to raise the pressure of the .uid on its discharge side.
• BOOT Build-own-operate-transfer.
• Boothwall™ Dust collector cartridge .lters by Dustex Corp.
• BoR U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Also called “BuRec.”
• bore hole A man-made hole in a geological formation.
• Bosker™ Trash rack cleaner by Brackett Green.
• BOT Build, operate, transfer.
• botanical pesticide A pesticide whose active ingredient is a plant-produced chem­ical such as nicotine or strychnine.
• bottom ash The noncombustible particles that fall to the bottom of a boiler furnace.
• bottoming cycle Cogeneration system where thermal heat is produced by the process and by-product electricity is then generated.
• botulism A severe form of food poisoning usually associated with development of a toxin produced by bacteria such as bacillus in improperly preserved or prepared food.
• bound water Water held on the surface or interior of colloidal particles.
• Bouyoucos A laboratory test procedure employing hydrometers to determine the .ne particle size distribution in a slurry.
• Bowser-Briggs Former manufacturer of oil/water separation equipment.
• Boyle’s Law The volume of a gas varies inversely with its pressure at constant temperature.
• Boythorp Glass coated steel tanks by Klargestor.
• BPE See “boiling point elevation (BPE).”
• BPEO Best practical environmental option.
• BPR (1) Biological phosphorous removal. (2) Boiling point rise.
• Brackett Green Former name of Brackett Geiger.
• brackish water Water containing low concentration of soluble salts, usually between 1000 and 10,000 mg/L.
• branch sewer A sewer that receives wastewater from a small area and discharges into a main sewer serving more than one area.
• Brandol® Cylindrical .ne bubble diffusers by USFilter/Schumacher Filters.
• brass A copper alloy containing up to 40% zinc.
• braze To thermally bond metallic parts with a cuprous alloy.
• break tank A storage tank at atmospheric pressure from which feed water is drawn prior to further treatment or use.
• breakpoint chlorination Addition of chlorine to a water or wastewater until the chlorine demand has been satis.ed. Further addition will result in a chlorine residual so that disinfection can be assured.
• breakthrough That point in the granular media .lter cycle when the .ltrate tur­bidity begins to increase because the .lter bed is full and no longer able to retain solids.
• breakwater An offshore barrier, often connected to shore, which breaks the force of waves and provides shelter from wave action.
• Breeze™ Compact air stripping unit by Aeromix Systems, Inc.
• BRI See “building-related illness (BRI).”
• brine Water saturated with, or containing a high concentration of, salts, usually in excess of 36,000 mg/L.
• brine concentrator Term used to describe a vertical tube falling .lm evaporator employing special scale control techniques to maximize concentration of dis­solved solids.
• brine heater The heat input section of a multistage .ash evaporator where feed-water is heated to the process’ top temperature.
• brine mud Waste material, often associated with well-drilling or mining, com­posed of mineral salts or other inorganic compounds.
• brine staging See “reject staging.”
• British Thermal Unit (Btu) The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by 1°F.
• Brix scale A scale used in a hydrometer for measuring the concentration or density of sugar in solution.
• broadcast application The spreading of pesticides over an entire area.
• broad-crested weir A weir having a substantial crest width in the direction par­allel to the direction of water .owing over it.
• broke Paper waste generated prior to completion of the papermaking process.
• bromate The highest oxidation state of the bromide ion which can be formed during the ozonation of waters containing bromide.
• BromiCide® Microbiocide by BioLab Water Additives.
• bromide An inorganic ion found in surface water and groundwater that, when oxidized by chlorine or ozone, can result in the formation of bromide-substi­tuted disinfection byproducts.
• bromine A halogen element used as a water disinfectant in combination with chlorine as a chlorine-bromide mixture. Chemical symbol is Br. bronze A copper-tin alloy, or any other copper alloy, that does not contain zinc
• or nickel as the principal alloying element. brown coal A common term for lignite. brown.eld An inactive site or property being put back into productive economic
• use after the relevant environmental agencies agree contaminants present at the property no longer pose an unacceptable risk to human health or the environment. Brownian motion Erratic movement of colloidal particles that results from the
• impact of molecules and ions dissolved in the solution. Brownie Buster Organic solids agitator/separator by Enviro-Care Co. Bruner Product line by Culligan International. Bruner-Matic® Water treatment control center by Culligan International Corp. brush aerator Mechanical aeration device most frequently used in oxidation ditch
• wastewater treatment plants, consisting of a horizontal shaft with protruding
• paddles, that is rapidly rotated at the water surface. Also called a “rotor.” BS&W Bottom sediments and water. BTEX Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Btu See “British Thermal Unit (Btu).” BTU-Plus® Filter media that incinerates to inert ash by Alar Engineering Corp. BTX Benzene, toluene, and xylene. bubble point The pressure at which air .rst passes through a wet membrane; the
• path being the channel of greatest pore size. bubbler system Common terminology for pneumatic-type differential level controller. bubonic plague An acute infectious disease usually transmitted from infected animals to humans by the bite of a rat .ea.
• buchner funnel A laboratory funnel with a perforated bottom that utilizes a dis­posable .lter paper to evaluate wastewater and sludge dewaterability. bucket elevator A conveying device consisting of a head and foot assembly that
• supports and drives an endless chain or belt to which buckets are attached. Budd Nonmetallic chain product line by Polychem Corp. buffer A substance that stabilizes the pH value of solutions. buffer strips Strips of grass or other erosion-resisting vegetation between or below
• cultivated strips or .elds. buffered The ability to resist changes in pH. buffering capacity The capacity of a solution to resist a change in composition,
• especially changes in pH. Bu.ovak® Evaporator and crystallizer product line by Buffalo Technologies, Inc. building-related illness (BRI) Condition in which at least 20% of a building’s
• occupants display symptoms of illness for more than 2 weeks and the cause of the illness can be traced to a speci.c building source.
• bulk density The density/volume ratio for a solid including the voids contained in the bulk material.
• bulkhead A partition of wood, rock, concrete, or steel used for protection from water, or to segregate sections of tanks or vessels.
• bulking sludge A poorly settling activated sludge that results from the predomi­nance of .lamentous organisms.
• bulky waste Large items of waste materials, such as appliances, furniture, large auto parts, trees, stumps.
• Bullseye™ Wastewater nutrient removal process by United Industries, Inc.
• buoyancy The tendency of a body to rise or .oat in a liquid.
• BuRec U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Also called “BoR.”
• burette A glass tube with .ne gradations and bottom stopcock used to accurately measure and dispense .uids.
• burning agents Additives that improve the combustibility of the materials to which they are applied.
• burning rate The rate at which solid waste is incinerated or heat is released during incineration.
• burnishing A surface .nishing process in which surface irregularities are dis­placed rather than removed.
• bushing (1) A short threaded tube which screws into a pipe .tting to reduce its size. (2) The bearing surface for pin rotation when a chain revolves around a sprocket.
• butter.y valve A valve equipped with a stem-operated disk that is rotated parallel to the liquid .ow when opened and perpendicular to the .ow when closed.
• BV See “bed volume (BV).”
• BVF® Anaerobic wastewater treatment system by ADI Systems, Inc.
• BWI British Drinking Water Inspectorate.
• BWR See “basic water requirement (BWR).”
• BWRO Brackish water reverse osmosis.
• bypass A channel or pipe arranged to divert .ow around a tank, treatment process, or control device.
• byproduct A material or substance that is not a primary product of a process and is not separately produced

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