قالب:علم التخدير القديم-هامش

Please do not add herbs to this template unless a reliable source describes their use for anaesthesia or other pain relief prior to perhaps 1500 A.D.

References

Richard Dean Smith (1980). "Avicenna and the Canon of Medicine: a millennial tribute". Retrieved 2007-07-05. 

Richard Evans Schultes (1970-01-01). "The plant kingdom and hallucinogens (part III)". Retrieved 2007-05-23. 

Raju VK (2003). "Susruta of ancient India". Retrieved 2007-05-24. 

Eleanor Carroll. "Coca: the plant and its use" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-05-26. 

James Breasted (English translation). "The Edwin Smith Papyrus". Retrieved 2007-06-09. 

Stephen Pincock (2005-03-28). "The quest for pain relief: how much have we improved on the past?". Retrieved 2007-06-17. 

For aconite, a Chinese scientific reference is needed, but as a stopgap to indicate the use of Wu Tou Tang from Jingui Yaolue, see "Bi syndrome". Retrieved 2007-06-13.  and "Treating painful obstruction (bi)". Retrieved 2007-06-13. .

For Saussurea lappa, Argyreia speciosa and Achyranthes aspera, see PMID 11100933, PMID 16141525, PMID 12222664