عرض مصدر فشل الكبد

{{Infobox_Disease
 | Name           = {{PAGENAME}}
 | Image          = Hepaticfailure.jpg
 | Caption        = A person with massive [[ascites]] and [[caput medusae]] due to cirrhotic liver failure
 | DiseasesDB     = 5728
 | ICD10          = {{ICD10|K|72|9|k|70}}
 | ICD9           = {{ICD9|573.8}}
 | ICDO           = 
 | OMIM           = 
 | MedlinePlus    = 
 | eMedicineSubj  = med 
 | eMedicineTopic = 990
 | MeshID         = D017093
}}
فشل الكبد هو عجز ال[[كبد]] عن أداء وظيفته التصنيعية ووظيفته الاستقلابية بشكل طبيعي، وتم التعرف على نوعين من الفشل (الحاد والمزمن).<ref>{{cite journal |author=O'Grady JG, Schalm SW, Williams R |title=Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes |journal=Lancet |volume=342 |issue=8866 |pages=273–5 |year=1993 |pmid=8101303 |doi= 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91818-7|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0140-6736(93)91818-7}}</ref>
 ملاحظة: المقال يحتاج لإتمام ترجمة وتوسع ..
== فشل الكبد الحاد ==
{{مقال رئيسي|فشل الكبد الحاد}}
'''[[Acute liver failure]]''' is defined as "the rapid development of hepatocellular dysfunction, specifically coagulopathy and mental status changes (encephalopathy) in a patient without known prior liver disease".<ref name=Sleisenger>{{cite book|last=Sleisenger|first=edited by Mark Feldman, Lawrence S. Friedman, Lawrence J. Brandt; consulting editor, Marvin H.|title=Sleisenger & Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, management|year=2009|publisher=MD Consult|location=St. Louis, Mo.|isbn=978-1-4160-6189-2|url=http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/pdf/307505734-5/978-1-4160-6189-2/4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-6189-2..00093-7..DOCPDF.pdf?isbn=978-1-4160-6189-2&eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-6189-2..00093-7..DOCPDF|edition=9th ed.}}</ref><sup>:1557</sup>

The diagnosis of acute liver failure is based on physical exam, laboratory findings, patient history, and past medical history to establish mental status changes, coagulopathy, rapidity of onset, and absence of known prior liver disease respectively.<ref name=Sleisenger /><sup>:1557</sup>

The exact definition of "rapid" is somewhat questionable, and different sub-divisions exist which are based on the time from onset of first hepatic symptoms to onset of encephalopathy. One scheme defines "acute hepatic failure" as the development of encephalopathy within 26 weeks of the onset of any hepatic symptoms. This is sub-divided into "fulminant hepatic failure", which requires onset of encephalopathy within 8 weeks, and "subfulminant", which describes onset of encephalopathy after 8 weeks but before 26 weeks.<ref name=medscape>{{cite web|last=Sood|first=Gagan K|title=Acute Liver Failure|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177354-overview|publisher=Mescape|accessdate=14 December 2011}}</ref> Another scheme defines "hyperacute" as onset within 7 days, "acute" as onset between 7 and 28 days, and "subacute" as onset between 28 days and 24 weeks.<ref name=Sleisenger /><sup>:1557</sup>

== فشل الكبد المزمن ==
'''[[Chronic liver failure]]''' usually occurs in the context of '''[[cirrhosis]]''', itself potentially the result of many possible causes, such as excessive [[alcoholic beverage|alcohol]] intake, [[hepatitis B]] or [[hepatitis C|C]], autoimmune, hereditary and metabolic causes (such as [[hemochromatosis|iron]] or [[Wilson's disease|copper]] overload, [[Steatohepatitis]] or [[non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]]).

==مراجع==
{{reflist}}
==مصادر==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_failure فشل الكبد / ويكيبيديا الإنكليزية]

{{Gastroenterology}}
{{Organ failure}}
[[Category:Diseases of liver]]
[[Category:Organ failure]]
[[تصنيف:أمراض]]
[[تصنيف:طب]]
{{بذرة}}